Discourse Analysis
Shahin Sheikh S. T
Abstract
Discourse markers are a group of words or linguistic elements that make connections between the speech segments or sentences without having a role in their semantic meanings. Fraser (2009) divided discourse markers in three groups: elaborative, inferential and contrastive markers. Fraser has considered ...
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Discourse markers are a group of words or linguistic elements that make connections between the speech segments or sentences without having a role in their semantic meanings. Fraser (2009) divided discourse markers in three groups: elaborative, inferential and contrastive markers. Fraser has considered words such as and,but and soas primary discourse markers. In this study, we investigated all kinds of discourse markers especially the primary discourse markers in Persian conversations. The data were collected from a large Persian telephone conversation database. Thirty conversations for 10 hours and 36 minutes with different topics have been selected,and were analyzed based on Fraser’s classification. The results showed that the discourse markers “va” (and), “vali” (but) and “ba’d” (then) have the highest frequency and are considered as the primary discourse markers in Persian conversations. Moreover, there are other expressions in Persian which are produced through the combination of two discourse markers like “vali khob” (but well) and “va ba’d” (and then). These expressions although were not mentioned by Fraser, have a broad application in Persian and therefore can be considered as compound discourse markers.
Language & Media
Sh. Sheikh Sang Tajan; A. Yousefi Garakooie
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 46-63
Abstract
Applying address terms is considered as a kind of observing social politeness in the society and the speakers of each language use them regarding their particular ways. This article is an analytic-descriptive research which assesses address terms in the Persian and Gilaki languages and compares them ...
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Applying address terms is considered as a kind of observing social politeness in the society and the speakers of each language use them regarding their particular ways. This article is an analytic-descriptive research which assesses address terms in the Persian and Gilaki languages and compares them with each other. Fifty Gilaki speakers and 50 Persian speakers, ranged between 25 to 40 years old, were selected as the samples of the study. Researchers tried to answer two questions: 1) What are the most frequently used address terms in Persian and Gilaki?, and 2) What is the difference between these terms in the two languages? The results reveal that Persian and Gilaki speakers are similar in applying the address terms of “nick names” and “kinship phrases”, however, after these two, the Persian ones use more “respectful titles” while the Gilaki ones apply more “titles” to call each other. Besides, address terms of “clipping”, “religious names” and “other names” are among the least frequently used phrases in Gilaki. Although there is no significant difference between applying the terms in the two languages, the existence of the above-mentioned differences indicate the cultural distinctions of the two sample societies.
